Ethereum has just turned 8 — what a ride it has been! The community has already achieved a lot — from becoming the first smart contract platform to helping millions around the world access open finance and other financial services, but there is still work to do! That work is mainly concentrated on scaling, among other technical challenges. However, as the scalability race intensifies and teams continue to build with their heads down, there’s another crucial area that needs attention — culture...

TL;DR A year ago, quite a few ZK-EVMs announced the upcoming launch of testnets. The community wondered what the difference between all these projects was and what Ethereum-equivalence, EVM-equivalence, and other popped-up buzzwords meant. To bring clarity, Vitalik wrote an article, “The different types of ZK-EVMs,” providing a taxonomy for different types of ZK-EVMs and explaining the difference. The core idea is: Type 1 (e.g., Taiko) is perfectly Ethereum-equivalent, and Type 4 (e.g., zkSyn...

Our fifth testnet is here! Jólnir (Alpha-5) brings new exciting adjustments to how proposing and proving works on Taiko. Let’s see what those changes are and how you can participate!New PBS-inspired proposing and proving designJólnir comes with a new, Proposer-Builder Separation (PBS)-inspired proposing and proving implementation. Here’s how it works:In Grímsvötn, a proposer needed to deposit some TTKO in order to propose a block;In Jólnir, proposers need to acquire a bond from provers to pro...

Special thanks to Brecht Devos and Ben Wan for review. Special special thanks to Dani for the meme.TL;DRTwo core changes are coming with EIP-4844:Increased amount of data that can be posted in one Ethereum block. So, rollup throughput will grow.Introduction of a new transaction type, blob transaction, and a separate fee market. So, the data transactions won’t compete with regular transactions.Both these changes will decrease the data posting cost for rollups. However, today, it’s impossible t...

This is the 13th edition of ZK-Roller-Coaster where we track and investigate the most exciting, meaningful, and crazy ZK-stuff of the prior two weeks. And this is the 8th edition of ZK-Roller-Coaster produced by the Taiko community! Special thanks to 13th edition contributors: Yona, Hlpr. Disclaimer: this is a collection of tweets, writings, videos, and other materials; these don’t express our opinion and may not necessarily be accurate. Please do (or continue) your own research. Hold on tigh...

TL;DRWhile ZK-Rollups, circuits, and SNARKs are very complex and not mature enough, using multi-prover approach can hedge the risk of bugs and vulnerabilities in proving systems, architectures, and implementations. The multi-prover can be implemented using different types of proofs (e.g., validity proofs and fraud proofs), different proving systems (e.g., SNARK and STARK), and different implementations by different teams. In the first part of this article, we cover the significance of multi-p...

This is the 12th edition of ZK-Roller-Coaster where we track and investigate the most exciting, meaningful, and crazy ZK-stuff of the prior two weeks. Special thanks to 12th edition contributors: José Ve, Alexander B., Hlpr, tRDM, ex_scxr, alexhuk. Disclaimer: this is a collection of tweets, writings, videos, and other materials; these don’t express our opinion and may not necessarily be accurate. Please do (or continue) your own research. Hold on tight! 🎢Spice of the weeks 🍿FRI or not FRI ...

TL;DR If you have ever wondered how a ZK-VM works, below we explain it in one diagram, with an example of “Proof of Meow.” For more serious people, in the second section, we redraw this diagram to prove EVM instead of meow.Section 1: for those who love kittiesDisclaimer: In this explanation, we use some mental models to provide intuition behind “how ZK-EVM works.” In fact, there are more details and nuances, check a series of articles by the PSE group on ZK-EVM to explore it in a more technic...

This is the 11th edition of ZK-Roller-Coaster where we track and investigate the most exciting, meaningful, and crazy ZK-stuff of the prior two weeks. Special thanks to 11th edition contributors: Alexander B., Thisu, Hlpr. Disclaimer: this is a collection of tweets, writings, videos, and other materials; these don’t express our opinion and may not necessarily be accurate. Please do (or continue) your own research. Hold on tight! 🎢Spice of the weeks 🍿ZK-EVM wars in progress!This time Polygon...

Special thanks to arnaucube**,* Brecht Devos, Barak, Benedikt Bünz, Binyi Chen, and Ben Wan for review.*TL;DRThe goal, the whole zk industry is working on, – is to (i) decrease the proof generation cost as much as possible while (ii) preserving proof as small as possible and (iii) verification as efficient as possible. It’s possible through prover optimisation or, as an alternative, one can compress the data the prover proves.Huge work was done on folding scheme techniques within the last sev...

This is the 10th edition of ZK-Roller-Coaster where we track and investigate the most exciting, meaningful, and crazy ZK-stuff of the prior two weeks. And this is the 5th edition of ZK-Roller-Coaster produced by the Taiko community! Special thanks to 10th edition contributors: Alexander B., Zen. Disclaimer: this is a collection of tweets, writings, videos, and other materials; these don’t express our opinion and may not necessarily be accurate. Please do (or continue) your own research. Hold ...

TL;DR: In this article, we unpack the recently launched L3s on Taiko. We discuss the role of L3s in scaling Ethereum, the new use cases that L3s allow us to have, and some details on Taiko's specific approach.Meme inspired by ex_scxr.IntroductionWhen we talk about scaling Ethereum, we usually mean rollups that execute transactions off-chain and confirm (i) the proof of a transaction batch correct execution and (ii) “batch transactions summary” (block hash) on-chain. However, for the Ethe...